新煙堿類(NEOs)和氟蟲腈殺蟲劑在害蟲控制中廣泛使用，但它們?cè)凇昂恿?河口-海灣"系統(tǒng)中的時(shí)空分布和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平仍不清楚。2018年至2021年期間，從中國(guó)萊州灣的河流到近岸和離岸海域收集了148個(gè)水樣，以調(diào)查八種NEOs和氟蟲腈及其代謝物(FIPs)的污染情況。在不同人類活動(dòng)和氣候條件的影響下，NEOs水平存在顯著季節(jié)性變化，夏季水平高于春季。新煙堿類化合物和ΣFIPs的平均濃度從河流(63.64ng/L，2.41ng/L)逐漸降低至萊州灣的近岸(22.62ng/L，0.14ng/L)和離岸(4.48ng/L，0.10ng/L)海水。平均濃度呈下降趨勢(shì)。
NEOs and FIPs in all these samples were pre-concentrated and pu?rified with off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and then analyzed by on?line SPE-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Off-line SPE was performed using a Fotector Plus automatic solid?phase extractor (RayKol, Xiamen, China). In addition, 80 mL of seawateror river samples was used to go through the off-line SelectCore HLB SPECartridge (200 mg/6 mL, 60 µm, NanoChrom, Suzhou, China). Thedetailed off-line SPE procedure is listed in Table S2. The obtained eluatewas dried using an AutoEVA nitrogen blowing instrument (RayKol,Xiamen, China) and then redissolved in 1 mL of aqueous solution con?taining 5 % methanol and filtered with a 0.22 µm nylon fiber filter for further analysis.
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